Beyond-mean-field effects in Rabi-coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

L Lavoine (1) , A Hammond (1) , A Recati (2) , D Petrov (3) , T Bourdel (1)

1 Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Gaz Quantiques
2 UNITN - Università degli Studi di Trento = University of Trento
3 LPTMS - Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques

We theoretically calculate and experimentally measure the beyond-mean-field (BMF) equation of state in a coherently-coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the regime where averaging of the interspecies and intraspecies coupling constants over the hyperfine composition of the single-particle dressed state predicts the exact cancellation of the two-body interaction. We show that with increasing the Rabi frequency, the BMF energy density crosses over from the nonanalytic Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) scaling $\propto n^{5/2}$ to an expansion in integer powers of density, where, in addition to a two-body BMF term $\propto n^2$, there emerges a repulsive three-body contribution $\propto n^3$. We work in a Rabi-coupled two-component $^{39}$K condensate which is released in a waveguide. Its expansion dynamics is governed by the BMF energy allowing for its quantitative measurement. By studying the expansion with and without Rabi coupling, we reveal an important feature relevant for observing BMF effects and associated phenomena in mixtures with spin-asymmetric losses: Rabi coupling helps preserve the spin composition and thus prevents the system from drifting away from the point of vanishing mean field.

Domaines: Gaz Quantiques [cond-mat.quant-gas]; Physique Quantique [quant-ph]

L Lavoine, A Hammond, A Recati, D Petrov, T Bourdel. Beyond-mean-field effects in Rabi-coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensate. 2021. ⟨hal-03232484v1⟩