Entanglement, Nonlinear Dynamics, and the Heisenberg Limit

Abstract : We show that the quantum Fisher information provides a sufficient condition to recognize multi-particle entanglement in a N qubit state. The same criterion gives a necessary and sufficient condition for sub shot-noise phase sensitivity in the estimation of a collective rotation angle θ . The analysis therefore singles out the class of entangled states which are {\it useful} to overcome classical phase sensitivity in metrology and sensors. We finally study the creation of useful entangled states by the non-linear dynamical evolution of two decoupled Bose-Einstein condensates or trapped ions.