Fuel cell Failure mechanism Intercalation Degradation Li-ion battery EIS Energy storage Ionogel XPS Activated carbon Thin films Microbatteries Vanadium nitride Cyclic voltammetry Cycle performance Electrolyte Porous silicon Anodes Crystal structure Supercapacitor Microstructure Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Plasma Cycling stability Magnetron sputtering GGA+U Current collector Electrode material MnO2 DFT MAS NMR Chemical vapor deposition SOFC Nickel oxide Mercury Organic electrode materials Impedance spectroscopy Microdevice Binder FIB/SEM Electrochemical Capacitor Batteries - Li-ion Lithium ion battery Batteries Electrolytes Manganese dioxide Ionic liquid Graphene Ionic conductivity Li-ion batteries Electrochemistry Pseudocapacitance Perovskite Micro-supercapacitor Anode FeWO 4 Fermi contact Diazonium salts Lithium batteries Electrochemical performance Fe Lithium-ion battery Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy DFT calculations Organic battery Electrochemical capacitor NMR LiFePO4 Transition metals Exsolution Lithium battery Micro-supercapacitors Sputtering Lithium-ion batteries Silicon Electrodes Negative electrode Coating Graphite Electrode Diazonium chemistry Supercapacitors Photovoltaics Electrical conductivity Grafting Diazonium Electrochemical capacitors Positive electrode Capacitance Ionogels CO2 electrolysis Lithium ion batteries Operando Titanium nitride Organic batteries CVD Ionic liquid electrolytes Interface Aqueous electrolyte Electrochemical electrodes